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Reactive Dyes

Reactive VS Brand Dyes (Bi-Sulfatoethye Sulfone Class)

Properties | Shade Card | Dyeing Procedur

Properties:

REACTIVE VS BRAND DYES are Reactive Dyes possessing Vinyl sulphone as the reactive group. In presence of alkali, these dyes chemically react with the hydroxyl group of cellulose and form firm, convalent linkages. These dyes are versatile enough to suit different dyeing methods. Results are excellent and shades come clean and brilliant with no variation in dyeing as well as in printing.

VS dyestuff posses poor affinity for cellulosic fibres in absence of salt and alkalis. For this reasons, they are suitable for use on pad. Their substantivity can be increased by addition of glauber's salt or common salt and alkali, making the dyestuff suitable on all conventional dyeing machines for loose material, yarn in hanks and packages and piece goods. The dyeing methods may therefore, be classified under the padding and exhaust processes, standing baths are not recommended, as in alkaline medium inactivation of the dyestuffs by reaction with water takes place as a side reaction.

The main features of VS dyes are:

Process excellent brightness and good wet fastness.

They are dischargeable.

They are suitable for exhaust & different pad dyeing methods and discharge printing.

Ease of washing off unfixed dyestuffs i.e. minimum staining of the white grounds in printing.

They are applicable at 40^oC and 60^oC.

Shade Card:

DYEING
1.0% PRINTING 4.0%

RAMAZOL
VS Brand Dyes
(Bi-Sulfatoethye
Sulfone Class)

C.I. No.

General Properties

Fastness Properties

Suitability

Sub-
stanti-
vity

Solubi
lity at 30⁰C

Dis
charge
ability

Day Light 1/1 & 1/6

Wash
ing
ISO4

Perspiration

Hypo-
chlorite
Bleach

Exha-
ust 40^oC
& 60^oC

One Bath Pad Batch

One Bath Pad-Dry Stream

Printing

Alka-
line

Acidic

Steam

Sili-
cate

Yellow 4GL 150%

Y.160

5
6

(+)

Yellow GL

Y.37

6
6-7

2-3

(+)

Yellow FG

Y.42

100

4
5

(+)

Yellow GR 150%

Y.15

100

4-5
6

(+)

Yellow R 120%

Y.17

100

4-5
6

(+)

Gol.Yellow RNL

O.107

100

4-5
5

4-5

G.Yellow 3R

O.96

5-6
6

4-5

3-4

Orange 3R 150%

O.16

5
6

4-5

Red C2G

R.106

100

3-4
4

(+)

Brill.Red BB

R.21

100

3-4
4

Red 5B

R.35

100

3-4
4

(+)

Red FB

R.180

100

4
5

3-4

Red RB

R.198 A

100

4-5
5

(+)

Violet 5R 140%

V.5

100

5-6
7

(+)

T.Blue G 133%

B.21

100

6
7

4-5

Blue 3R

B.28

100

6
7

4-5

Blue RGB

B.250

100

5-6
6

4-5

N.Blue 2G

B.203

100

5-6
6

4-5

N.Blue R

V.89

100

5-6
6

4-5

Brill.Blue R-Spl.

B.19

100

4
5

Brown GR

Br.18

100

5-6
6

Black B 100

Bl.5

150

4
5

Black RL

Bl.31

100

6
7

(+)

Black HFGR

Mix

100

4
5

Black N-150

Mix

100

4
5

Key to Abbreviations

Affinity or Substantivity on cotton
L	= Low	+	= Suitable
M	= Medium	(+)	= Fairly Suitable
H	= High	-	= Not Suitable
V	= Very High

Dischargeability	: G = Good; F = Fair; P = Poor
Light	: 1 to 8 in increasing order
Washing & other	: 1 to 5 in increasing order

Y	= Yellow	O	= Orange
R	= Red	V	= Violet
B	= Blue	Br	= Brown
Bl	= Black	G	= Green

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Dyeing Procedure:

DYEING METHODS - Exhaust Dyeing

	Jigger Dyeing		Circulat- ing M/c	Winch Dyeing	Jigger Dyeing		Circulat- ing M/c	Winch Dyeing
Material:Liquor Ratio Glauber's Salt	1:2-1:3	1:4-1:6	1:8-1:12	1:15-1:30	1:2-1:3	1:4-1:6	1:8-1:12	1:15-1:30
Calcined G/L or Common Salt Coustic Soda 72^oTw ML/L	50-80 4-6	50-80 3-4	50-80 2-3	50-80 1-2	50-80 3-5	50-80 2-3	50-80 1-2	50-80 1
Soda Ash G/L or Trisodium Phosphate G/L	5 -	5 30	5 15-20	5 10-15	5 30	5 20-25	5 10-15	5 5-10
Dyeing Temp. ^oC Time Minutes	- -	- -	40^oC 60-90	- -	- -	- -	60^oC 60	- -

In case of VS Turquoise Blue G, Soda Ash is used as an alkali and dyeing is carried out at 80^oC common salt should not be used.

Material:Liquor Ratio	1:2-1:3	1:4-1:6	1:8-1:12	1:15-1:30
Glauber's Salt Calcinated G/l Soda Ash G/L	80 25	80 15-20	80 10-15	80 5-10
Temperature ^oC	-	80	-	-

Padding process

Any conventional padding equipment could be used for dyeing with this method. It is preferable to have the size of the troughs as small as possible.

(I) One bath pad batch using Sodium Silicate

Sodium silicate and caustic soda required are as follows:

Sodium Silicate		Caustic Soda 32% m1/1
^oBe	Weight ratio Na2O:SiO2^oBe	Gms/l	Upto 25 gms/l Dye Solution	Above 25 gms/l Dye Solution
37-40 40-42 48-50 58-60	1:3.3 1:3.3 1:2.6 1:2.1	135 120 100 85	13 11 5 -	18 16 10 4

Padding:

The well-prepared fabric is padded at 60-70% expression for cotton and 80-90% expression for staple viscose fabric at 20-25^oC. The lower temperature is preferred on grounds of dye liquor stability.

Fixation:

After the padding is complete the batch is covered with polythene film to avoid localized evaporation of water and allowed to dwell for 24 hours.

(II) One batch pad-dry steam process

The process is carried out on machines consisting of a padder with drying unit attached, and also a continuous steamer as normally used in printing.

The pad liquor consists of :

X g/l	Dyestuffs
100 g/l	Urea
Y cc/l	Water
10 g/l	Mild Oxidising agent
10-20 g/l	Sodium Bicarbonate

The material is padded at room temperature in the above liquor at a nip expression of 60-70%, dried at 60^oC-80^oC and then fixed by steaming in the normal continuous steamer for 7-10 minutes at 100^oC-130^oC

(III) Two Bath pad-dry steam process

Pad the material through dyestuff solution at 25-35^oC & dry. After intermediate drying the goods are padded at room temperature using:

250-300 g/l common salt and
20 cc/l caustic soda 71^oCTw

The dyestuff is fixed by steaming at 103-105^oC for 20-30 seconds. When longer steaming time of 90-120 seconds is given then amount of caustic soda solution should be reduced to 10 cc/liter. When working without intermediate drying the chemical padding should have 25% higher expression than dyestuff padding and chemical liquor should contain:

250-300 g/l	Common salt
80 cc/l	Caustic soda solution 71^oCTw
20-25^oC	Padding temperature

Steaming is carried out for 20-30 seconds at 103-105^oC. for longer steaming time of 100 seconds the amount of caustic soda is reduced to 20 cc/l (71^oCTw)

(IV) Pad-Dry thermofix process

In this process a padding machine with attached hot flue and curing unit that allows treatment for 5 minutes are required.

The pad liquor consists of: (parts/1000)

Dye	Urea	Soda Ash
2 10 20 40 60	15 30 45 60 80	8 12 17 25 33

For inferior varieties of cloth and on the drying equipments where fear of dyestuff migration is there, an addition of 5 to 10 g/l of sodium alginate paste thickening to the padding liquor is necessary.

Fixation:

Temperature	Time
2 100^oC 110^oC 120^oC 140^oC	6-8 minutes 4-5 minutes 3-4 minutes 1-1/2 to 2 minutes

After treatment:

To obtain optimum fastness properties, irrespective of any dyeing temperature, alkali or dyestuff used, unfixed dyestuff must be washed out from the fibre.

This can be carried out on any suitable equipment such as jigger, winch or open width soaper.

The material is rinsed in cold water, then in cold water containing 2cc/l acetic acid. This is followed by a rinse in hot water & finally soaped at boil in a bath containing 2g/l anionic soap followed by hot & cold rinse.

Printing:

VS dyes produce prints with excellent brightness as compared to those with other classes of dyestuffs. It is possible to get a variety of shades, as the colors are available in all hues.

There are two methods of direct printing of cellulosic fibers

(1) One phase printing (2) Two phase printing

In one phase printing method the alkali is added to the printing paste while in two phase printing paste is made without alkali and the prints are fixed by padding to dipping the printed fabric in an alkaline fixation liquor.

The prints can then be fixed various steaming conditions.

	One phase printing	Two phase printing
Dyestuff Urea Boiling water Thickening Sodium Bicarbonate Water	X gms 40-100 gms 200 gms 500 gms 10-25 gms Y gms	X gms 20 gms 300 gms 500 gms - gms Y gms

Fixation:

(1) One Phase Printing:
The printed and dried fabric is steamed with saturated steam at 103 deg c for 10 to 15 minutes in a star ager or 5 to 7 minutes in continuous steamer.

(2) Two Phase Printing:
The printed and dried fabric is passed through a hot fixation bath, which is maintained at 95 - 100 deg. C., preferably with indirect heating arrangement to avoid dilution of the liquor.

The Fixation bath consist of the following:

i)	200 gms/liter Glauber's Salt 150 gms/liter Soda Ash 50 gms/liter Potash 25-30 gms/liter Caustic Soda (Solid) The time required for fixation of the prints is 5-12 seconds. The prints are washed immediately after fixation without an intervening air passage.
ii)	The printed and dried fabric nip padded or slop padded with: 48 - 52 deg Be. Sodium Silicate solution containing 4 - 6 cc/l Caustic Soda 32 deg Be. The batch is well covered with plastic sheet and allowed to dwell for 16 - 20 hours. Then follow after treatment as mentioned earlier.

Washing procedure

In order to obtain maximum wet-fastness properties, brightness and purity of shades with consistent dyeing results, which is essential to give a thorough `Soaping' to clear off unreacted hydrolysed dye from the dyed fabric.

The dyed fabric is rinsed repeatedly in cold water to remove most of the alkali, salt and unfixed dye present and rinse again in warm water not higher than 60 deg. C. Then run in a bath containing :

Anionic detergent - 1 -2 gms/liter for 15 minutes at the boil. Then rinse in warm water (upto 60 deg. C )and finally in cold water. The most satisfactory results in Washing-off, particularly for piece goods, are obtained by employing an Open soaper or perforated Beam-washing machine. If such equipments are not available, conventional ones like Jig or Winch may be used. For yarn is the Hank form open - vat is employed and for yarn in packaged form the package dyeing machine itself used.

The information and procedure provided here is in good faith and to the best of our knowledge, but without liabilities.

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Properties | Shade Card | Dyeing Procedur